Executive-legislative relations and policy making

Policymaking in a democracy by definition involves several actors and in presidential systems, the interactions between the president and the legislature play a leading role in the policymaking process. The key question concerns the ability of a sitting president to pass his legislative agenda through Congress.  In the Philippines, the control by a pro-government party [...]

Business groups and the policy making process

  Business interests participate in the policymaking process in the Philippines usually to influence it in their favor.  Among the means at their disposal include business associations, lobbying, campaign finance contributions, personal and policy networks, and outright corruption.   Formal business associations have varying degrees of cohesion and potency as players in the policymaking process.  [...]

LGUs and the policy making process

The president supervises the whole country and its politico-administrative subdivisions—79 provinces, 115 cities, 1495 municipalities, and 41,943 barangays.  These sub-national units enjoy autonomy but are under the supervision through the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG). Each sub-national unit has a chief executive and corresponding legislative bodies chosen through elections and an appointed local [...]

The bureaucracy and the policy making process

The bureaucracy’s role in the policymaking process is an important one since it is in charge of implementing policy.  Since it is also a part of the executive branch of government and is responsible to the incumbent government, it can also assist in policy formulation and monitoring. However, the Philippine bureaucracy (save for a few [...]